White kidney bean extract, derived from the mature seeds of the white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), is a leguminous herbaceous vine. This extract is rich in proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and several bioactive compounds. Key components include phytohemagglutinin (PHA), which inhibits alpha-amylase, as well as polysaccharides, dietary fibers, flavonoids, and food pigments. It also contains essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and amino acids such as lysine, leucine, and arginine, along with elements like potassium, magnesium, and sodium.
Insoluble dietary fiber in the extract may reduce the risk of colorectal tumors, while soluble dietary fiber helps regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Flavonoids offer antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and anti-tumor properties, and they can improve microcirculation and detoxification. The pigments in kidney beans are noted for their stability and crystallinity. The amylase inhibitor has a hypoglycemic effect, and the trypsin inhibitor, along with proteins, can inhibit tumor cell development. Due to these properties, white kidney bean extract is commonly used in health foods and biological products.